Towards more inclusive S&T indicators: a review on efforts to improve STI measurements in ‘peripheral’ spaces

S&T systems all over the world are routinely monitored and assessed with indicators that were created to measure the natural sciences. These S&T indicators are often inappropriate in other contexts: conventional S&T databases may not include data from low and middle income countries, less prevailing disciplines, and research addressing the problems of socially excluded groups. We review effort being made to create data and indicators that better reflect research activities and contributions in these “peripheral” spaces.